The Challenge of National Integration in Nigeria…What Hope?


Nigeria’s quest to forge a strong harmonious inter-ethnic and regional bond is still far from been realizable. Given the plethora of ethnic identities and the multiplication of linguistic divide, the task of enthroning unity in diversity becomes indeed a daunting exercise. Perhaps, the frustration of promoting this oneness has painfully resulted in various contradictions in our national lives. How else can we explain the intermittent inter-ethno regional rivalries, the resentment and inhospitality meted out to one ethnic group by another in this complex web of foisted association known as Nigeria?

Consequently, this paper argues that the complex nature of our socio-political structure is rather an anathema to effort at sustaining national integration in Nigeria.
No cliché can be more amusing than that which ironically exalts the little progress Nigeria has recorded in her journey to greatness and that is: “Nigeria is the giant of Africa”. Perhaps, it was the realization of this irony that Prof. Osaghae likened Nigeria to a crippled giant. This personification of Nigeria as a crippled giant is premised on the dilemma of translating her enormous potentials into any tangible human economic benefits.
Rather, what we now find is a situation where the fruits of our fatherland is controlled by a coterie of self interested regional marauders with the result that people are placed in completely vast economic circumstances, leading to widespread poverty, inequality among other indicators of underdevelopment. This assertion is well collaborated by Dudley Seers is, and I agree with him.
Unfortunately, the Nigerian state refused to conform to the British mould and in the fashion it was created resulting in the kind of contradictions that we now find.
History is replete with sticking instances of how the Nigerian state was forged. Recall that prior to the amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates, the different peoples of what is now known as Nigerian lived differently.
However, sequel to the amalgamation of 1914, a well calculated effort by the British colonialists for reasons of administrative expediency and economic gains, resulted in the lumping together of people with hitherto completely varying cultures, identities, values, mores and beliefs. What was thought to be a move for administrative convenience soon turned out to produce contradictions in our national lives as evidenced today.
Another reason which explains this inequality is the nature of the political system. The Nigerian political system is arranged in such a way that the federal structure, by accident or design, gives an undue advantage to one region that has continued to run the state as though it is a family dynasty to be bequeathed from one generation to another. How could we possibly explain why the north has remained in power for the most part of post independent Nigeria? Why are there so many furores about the northern quest to continue as President- the north or nothing mania? There are more questions than are answers. Thus, the complex nature of our political system frustrated efforts at forging national integration.
Nigeria is unarguably, the most populated nation in Africa, endowed with an abundance of resources and with more than 250 ethnic nationalities cutting across the six geo-political zones: North Central, North East, North West, South South, South East and South West.
Among all these, the North seems to hold sway by all standards of evaluation in terms of population; they are far more than the southern geo-political zones combined; by land mass as well as leadership position, they command an alarming number of it. Whereas, the south only scramble to have a fair share of the crumbles left over by their northern counterparts. What is more, even within each of the geo-political regions, there exist great disparities and lopsidedness in the allocation of resources as well as the determination of who gets what, when and how.  
Many reasons will be given to explain the inequality of the Nigerian state. First, the Nigerian state was created to serve the colonial interest. To say that the Nigerian state is a brain child of colonial miscalculation is to reiterate the obvious. This assertion is rooted in history. Indeed, there has been a copious scholarly research in this regard revealing the antecedents of our coming together as one nation-state. Writing in this regard, Chief Obafemi Awolowo averred that “Nigeria is a product of colonial mistake”. Yet, Billy J. Dudley did not mince words when he described the relationship between the Nigerian state and the colonial masters as that of the clay pot and potter who shaped the former to his taste.
To be continued…
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Shift from the Memorization of Facts to the Understanding of Principles.
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